WAEC 2026 Livestock Farming Questions and Answers

Tuesday, 19th May 2026
Livestock Farming 2 (Essay) 9:30am – 11:30am
Livestock Farming 1 (Objective) 11:30am – 12:10pm

WAEC 2026 Livestock Farming Questions and Answers Features

 

WAEC LIVESTOCK FARMING

LIVESTOCK FARMING
01-10: BBBCCDBCCC
11-20: BACCBCCCDA
21-30: AABADBCACD
31-40: CBABABDABD

(1ai)
(α) Cannibalism:
(i) Avoid overcrowding of birds in the pen.
(ii) Debeak the birds / provide adequate feed and water.

(β) Shell-less eggs:
(i) Feed birds with calcium-rich feed.
(ii) Provide vitamin D supplements / balanced ration.

(γ) Wet litter
(i) Ensure proper ventilation in the poultry house.
(ii) Replace wet litter regularly and repair leaking drinkers.

(1aii)
(i) Deficiency of calcium in feed.
(ii) Lack of vitamin D / disease affecting egg formation.

(1aiii)
Deep litter system.

(1b)
(i) Farm diary: A farm diary is a daily record book in which all farm activities and events are recorded for future reference.
(ii) Balance sheet: A balance sheet is a financial statement showing the assets and liabilities of the farm at a particular time.
(iii) Inventory record: An inventory record is a list showing the quantity and value of farm inputs, equipment and livestock on the farm.

(1c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) High yield of forage.
(ii) Fast growth rate.
(iii) Palatable to livestock.
(iv) Resistant to pests and diseases.
(v) Ability to withstand drought and grazing.
(vi) Easy to establish and maintain.
(vii) High nutritive value.
(viii) Ability to regrow quickly after cutting or grazing.
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(2a) (PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Nutrition and quality of feed.
(ii) Age of the sheep.
(iii) Health status/diseases and parasites.
(iv) Breed or heredity.
(v) Proper management practices.
(vi) Environmental conditions/climate.
(vii) Body weight and condition of the sheep.

(2b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Swine fever (hog cholera).
(ii) Foot and mouth disease.
(iii) African swine fever.
(iv) Swine influenza.
(v) Pseudorabies disease.

(2c)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Stimulate contraction of the uterus during birth.
(ii) Promote milk production and milk let-down.
(iii) Relax the pelvic muscles and cervix for easy delivery.
(iv) Initiate and regulate parturition.
(v) Help in expulsion of the placenta after birth.

(2d)
Draw the diagram

ANOTHER DIAGRAM

(2e)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Enlargement of the udder.
(ii) Swollen vulva with mucus discharge.
(iii) Restlessness and frequent lying down and standing up.
(iv) Relaxation of pelvic ligaments/sunken tail head.
(v) Loss of appetite.
(vi) Isolation from other animals.
(vii) Frequent urination and tail raising.
(viii) Enlargement and reddening of the vulva.
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(3ai)
Quarantine: Quarantine is the restriction or separation of newly introduced animals for a period of time to observe them for signs of disease before mixing them with other animals.

(3aii)
Culling: Culling is the removal of unproductive, old, weak or diseased animals from a herd or flock.

(3aiii)
Isolation: Isolation is the separation of sick or infected animals from healthy ones to prevent the spread of disease.

(3b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Outbreak of infectious disease.
(ii) Presence of injured or sick animals.
(iii) Animals showing abnormal behaviour.
(iv) Animals with wounds or skin infections.
(v) Newly treated animals under observation.

(3c)
(i) Vaccination.
(ii) Castration.
(iii) Dehorning.
(iv) Drenching/medication.

(3d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Breed of the goat.
(ii) Quality of feed and nutrition.
(iii) Health status of the goat.
(iv) Age and stage of lactation.
(v) Environmental and climatic conditions.
(vi) Frequency of milking.
(vii) Management practices and housing conditions

(3e)
(i) Honey.
(ii) Beeswax.
(iii) Royal jelly.
(iv) Propolis.

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(4ai)
Castration is the removal or destruction of the testes of a male animal to prevent reproduction.

(4aii)
(i) Use clean and sterilized instruments.
(ii) Properly restrain the animal before operation.
(iii) Apply antiseptic to the wound after castration.

(4aiii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Prevents indiscriminate breeding.
(ii) Makes animals more docile and easier to manage.
(iii) Improves meat quality and fattening ability.
(iv) Prevents transmission of undesirable traits.
(v) Reduces fighting among male animals.
(vi) Controls sexual behaviour in animals.

(4b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) To detect sick or injured animals early.
(ii) To observe animals before they are disturbed or fed.
(iii) To enable quick treatment and management.
(iv) To identify animals that refused feed or water.
(v) To reduce spread of diseases among animals.
(vi) To check the cleanliness and condition of the housing unit.

(4ci)
(α) Debeaking:
Debeaking is the partial removal or trimming of the beak of poultry birds to prevent cannibalism and egg eating.

(β) Hoof trimming:
Hoof trimming is the cutting and shaping of overgrown hooves of animals to maintain proper movement and prevent hoof diseases.

(γ) Wound dressing:
Wound dressing is the cleaning and treatment of wounds with antiseptics and protective materials to promote healing and prevent infection.

(4cii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Prevents hoof diseases and infections.
(ii) Makes movement easier for the sheep.
(iii) Improves feeding and grazing efficiency.
(iv) Prevents overgrowth and cracking of hooves.
(v) Reduces lameness in sheep.
(vi) Improves the overall health and productivity of the animal.

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*WAEC LIVESTOCK FARMING*

*NUMBER FIVE*

(5ai)
(i) Meat.
(ii) Milk.
(iii) Eggs.

(5aii)
(i) Ploughing of land.
(ii) Transportation of farm produce.
(iii) Pulling farm implements and carts.

(5aiii)
(i) Hides and skins for leather.
(ii) Wool and hair for textiles.
(iii) Bones and horns for craft works.

(5b)
(i) Eggs.
(ii) Meat.
(iii) Feathers.
(iv) Manure.
(v) Blood meal.

(5c)
Incubation is the process of keeping fertile eggs under suitable temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions until they hatch into chicks.

(5di)
75% of 250 chickens = 75/100 × 250
= 187.5 ≈ 188 eggs per day
Therefore, number of eggs expected in 20 days =
188 × 20 = 3760 eggs
Answer = 3760 eggs.

(5dii)
If 1 egg tray contains 30 eggs,
Number of trays needed = 3760 ÷ 30
= 125.3
Therefore, 126 egg trays will be needed.

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(6a)
(i) Temporary storage of food.
(ii) Fermentation of feed by microorganisms.
(iii) Digestion of cellulose and roughages.
(iv) Formation of cud for rumination.

(6b)
Circulatory system:
(i) Heart.
(ii) Arteries.
(iii) Veins.

(6bii)
Excretory system:
(i) Kidneys.
(ii) Ureters.
(iii) Urinary bladder.

(6c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Promotes fast growth.
(ii) Increases egg production.
(iii) Prevents deficiency diseases.
(iv) Improves resistance to diseases.
(v) Enhances proper body development.
(vi) Reduces mortality rate.
(vii) Improves quality of meat and eggs.

(6di)
Dressed carcass is the body of a slaughtered animal after removal of blood, feathers or skin, head, internal organs and other unwanted parts.

(6dii)
(i) Slaughter and bleed the bird properly.
(ii) Scald the bird in hot water and remove feathers.
(iii) Remove internal organs and unwanted parts.
(iv) Wash, dress and package the carcass for sale.