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Friday, 5th June 2026
Geography 3 (Practical and Physical Geography) 3:30pm – 5:20pm

 

(1a)Go to you map as seen here and write all those initials at the exact points I wrote mine.
They include: ALF, SCR, SSL & PTN

(1b)

Distance from A to B = 16cm

Scale of the map = 1:50,000

If 1cm represents 50,000cm

..:. 16 cm = 16 x 50,000 = 800,000cm

1km = 100,000cm

800,000cm to km = 800,000/100,000

= 8km

Distance = 8km

(1c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Farming
(ii) Fishing due to the presence of rivers
(iii) Trading due to the presence of the market
(iv) Education Services due to presence of school
(v) Livestock rearing

(1d)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Rivers provide water for farming activities and support settlements located near them.

(ii) Areas with gentle relief favour the construction of schools, markets, roads, and settlements.

(iii) Grassy vegetation provides grazing land for livestock rearing by the inhabitants.

(iv) Trees supply timber and fuelwood which support local economic activities and settlement development.

(v) Settlements and markets are often located close to rivers and accessible lowland areas to facilitate transportation and trade.

Or

(1c) (i)Farming/Agriculture: Evidenced by plantations, cultivated fields, or scattered cultivation symbols.
(ii)Lumbering/Forestry: Evidenced by forest reserves, thick forest symbols, or sawmills.
(iii)Trading/Commerce: Evidenced by markets, shops, or dense road networks connecting settlements.
(iv)Transportation: Evidenced by roads, railway lines, footpaths, or bridges.

(1d)
(i)Settlements are typically built on gentle slopes or flat plains to avoid steep scarp slopes or flooded areas.
(ii)Roads and railways usually follow flat valleys or pass through gaps in hills to avoid steep gradients.
(iii)Human farming and plantations are established in areas clear of dense, protected forest reserves or rocky terrains.

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(3a) A metamorphic rock is a rock that has been changed from its original form by intense heat, pressure, or chemical action within the Earth’s crust without melting completely.

(3b) (i) Marble
(ii) Slate

(3c) (PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition, compaction, and cementation of sediments, while metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are altered by heat and pressure.
(ii) Sedimentary rocks usually contain fossils, while metamorphic rocks rarely contain fossils because the fossils are destroyed during metamorphism.
(iii) Sedimentary rocks have distinct layers or strata, while metamorphic rocks have foliated bands or crystalline structures.
(iv) Sedimentary rocks are generally softer, while metamorphic rocks are generally harder.
(v) Sedimentary rocks are formed at or near the Earth’s surface, while metamorphic rocks are formed deep within the Earth’s crust.
(vi) Sedimentary rocks are less compact, while metamorphic rocks are more compact and dense.
(vii) Sedimentary rocks include sandstone and limestone, while metamorphic rocks include marble and slate.
(viii) Sedimentary rocks are less resistant to heat and pressure, while metamorphic rocks are more resistant to heat and pressure.
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(4a) Weathering is the gradual breakdown, disintegration, and decomposition of rocks at or near the Earth’s surface by physical, chemical, or biological processes.

(4b) (PICK ANY THREE)
(i) It helps in the formation of soil.
(ii) It releases minerals needed for plant growth.
(iii) It provides materials for construction such as sand and clay.
(iv) It exposes valuable mineral deposits for mining.
(v) It aids agricultural activities through fertile soil formation.
(vi) It contributes to the formation of landforms and scenic landscapes.
(vii) It improves water infiltration and groundwater storage.
(viii) It supplies raw materials for industries such as ceramics and brick making.

(4c) (PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Climate.
(ii) Temperature changes.
(iii) Rainfall amount.
(iv) Nature and composition of rocks.
(v) Rock structure and degree of jointing.
(vi) Vegetation cover.
(vii) Relief or slope of the land.
(viii) Human activities.

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(5a) The biosphere is the zone of the Earth where living organisms exist and interact with one another and with their physical environment, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

(5b) (PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) It provides habitat for living organisms.
(ii) It supplies food for humans and animals.
(iii) It provides raw materials for industries.
(iv) It helps in maintaining ecological balance.
(v) It produces oxygen necessary for life.
(vi) It regulates the carbon cycle and climate.
(vii) It serves as a source of medicinal plants and drugs.
(viii) It supports agriculture, forestry, and fishing activities.

(5c)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) It is the zone where life exists on Earth: The biosphere includes all parts of the Earth where living organisms can survive, including land, water, and the lower atmosphere.
(ii) It contains a great variety of living organisms: The biosphere is made up of numerous species of plants, animals, and microorganisms that occupy different habitats.
(iii) It interacts with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere: Living organisms depend on air, water, and soil, making the biosphere closely linked to other Earth spheres.
(iv) It is dynamic in nature: The biosphere is constantly changing as a result of natural processes such as evolution, climate change, and human activities.
(v) It depends mainly on solar energy: Energy from the sun drives photosynthesis, which supports food chains and sustains life within the biosphere.
(vi) It is characterized by interdependence among organisms: Plants, animals, and microorganisms rely on one another directly or indirectly for food, shelter, and survival.
(vii) It has continuous nutrient cycling: Essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and water are recycled through natural processes within the biosphere.
(viii) It contains diverse ecosystems: The biosphere consists of different ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, deserts, wetlands, rivers, and oceans, each supporting distinct forms of life.
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(6a) An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit of sediments such as sand, gravel, and silt formed when a river or stream flows from a steep slope onto a flat plain and loses its velocity, causing it to deposit its load.

(6b) [Draw the diagram]

=Characteristics of an Alluvial Fan=
(i) It is fan-shaped or cone-shaped in appearance.
(ii) It is formed at the foot of a mountain or steep slope.
(iii) It consists of deposited materials such as sand, gravel, pebbles, and silt.
(iv) It has a gentle outward slope from the apex to the edges.
(v) The sediments are thickest near the apex and thinner towards the margins.
(vi) It is usually crossed by several distributary channels.

=Mode of Formation of an Alluvial Fan=
(i) A river or stream flows down a steep mountain slope carrying large quantities of sediments.
(ii) On reaching a flat plain or valley floor, the gradient suddenly decreases.
(iii) The river loses velocity and transporting power.
(iv) Coarse materials such as gravel and pebbles are deposited first near the mouth of the slope.
(v) Finer materials such as sand and silt are carried farther and deposited towards the outer edges.
(vi) Repeated deposition over time causes the sediments to spread outward in a fan-like pattern, resulting in the formation of an alluvial fan.
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(7a) (PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Relief or topography influences rainfall because mountains force moist air to rise, cool, and condense, resulting in rainfall.
(ii) Distance from the sea affects rainfall because areas closer to the sea receive more moisture-laden winds and therefore more rainfall.
(iii) Prevailing winds influence rainfall depending on whether they carry moisture from the ocean or dry air from the land.
(iv) Latitude affects rainfall because different latitudinal zones receive varying amounts of heat and atmospheric moisture.
(v) Ocean currents influence rainfall as warm currents increase evaporation and rainfall, while cold currents reduce rainfall.
(vi) Vegetation cover affects rainfall because plants release moisture into the atmosphere through transpiration.
(vii) Atmospheric pressure systems influence rainfall since low-pressure areas encourage rising air and precipitation, while high-pressure areas discourage rainfall.
(viii) Temperature affects rainfall because higher temperatures increase evaporation and the amount of moisture available in the atmosphere.

(7b) [draw the diagram]

(i) Latitude is the angular distance of a place north or south of the Equator.
(ii) Temperature generally decreases from the Equator towards the Poles.
(iii) Places near the Equator receive the sun’s rays almost vertically throughout the year.
(iv) Vertical rays are concentrated on a smaller surface area and therefore produce higher temperatures.
(v) As latitude increases, the sun’s rays strike the Earth at a more oblique angle.
(vi) Oblique rays spread over a larger surface area and provide less heat per unit area.
(vii) The rays also pass through a thicker layer of the atmosphere, causing more heat to be absorbed and scattered.
(viii) Consequently, places in low latitudes experience higher temperatures.
(ix) Places in middle latitudes experience moderate temperatures.
(x) Places in high latitudes experience low temperatures due to the highly slanting rays of the sun.
(xi) Therefore, there is an inverse relationship between latitude and temperature: as latitude increases, temperature decreases.
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(8a) Water resources are the sources of water that are available for human use and other activities, including rivers, lakes, oceans, streams, groundwater, and rainfall.

(8b) (PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Water pollution causes the death of aquatic organisms.
(ii) Water pollution makes water unsafe for drinking.
(iii) Water pollution leads to the spread of water-borne diseases.
(iv) Water pollution reduces the quality of water for domestic use.
(v) Water pollution destroys aquatic ecosystems.
(vi) Water pollution affects fishing activities and reduces fish yield.
(vii) Water pollution produces unpleasant odours and bad taste in water.
(viii) Water pollution increases the cost of water treatment.

(8c) (PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Water resources provide water for drinking and domestic use.
(ii) Water resources are used for irrigation in agriculture.
(iii) Water resources support fishing activities.
(iv) Water resources are used for the generation of hydroelectric power.
(v) Water resources serve as routes for transportation.
(vi) Water resources supply water for industrial processes.
(vii) Water resources provide recreational and tourism opportunities.
(viii) Water resources support wildlife and help maintain ecological balance.
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