Waec 2026 Agriculture Science Question And Answer

QUESTION

 

AGRICULTURAL OBJ:

1-10: DBCBDCCCCB

11-20: ADDABDCADC

21-30: ACCCDBCACB

31-40: DCDDCBCAAB

41-50: DCCACCCABC

 

(1ai)

=Rural-urban migration=

(I) It Reduces number of young farm workers
(ii) It Increases age of farmers (mostly old people left)
(iii) It Leads to farmlands being abandoned

(1aii) Inadequate farm inputs (e.g., seeds, fertilizer)

(I) Low crop yields
(ii) Poor soil fertility
(iii) Increased pest and disease damage

(1aiii) Inadequate storage facilities

(I) High post-harvest losses (rot, pests)
(ii) Forced selling at low prices immediately after harvest
(iii) Reduced food availability in off-season

(1b)
Farm tools are Simple hand-operated equipment (e.g., cutlass, hoe) while Farm machinery: Complex, engine-powered equipment (e.g., tractor, harvester)

(1c)
(I) It is used for Clearing bushes and trees for new farmland
(ii) It is used for Levelling and grading land
(iii) It is used for Digging ponds or ditches
(iv) It’s used for Removing stumps and rocks

(1d)
(I) Spanners (wrenches)
(ii) Grease gun
(iii) Screwdrivers
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(2a) (i) Horizon A is the topsoil layer of the soil profile. It is dark in colour, rich in humus and plant nutrients, contains many microorganisms, and supports most plant roots.

(2a) (ii) Horizon B is the subsoil layer found below Horizon A. It contains less organic matter but is rich in minerals leached from the topsoil and is usually more compact.

(2a) (iii) Horizon C is the weathered parent material layer. It consists of partially broken rock fragments with little organic matter and few living organisms.

(2a)(iv) Horizon D is the bedrock or parent rock layer. It is the solid, unweathered rock from which the soil is formed.

(2b)Sedimentary Rock
(i) Limestone
(ii) Dolomite
(iii) Coal

Metamorphic Rock
(i) Marble
(ii) Slate

Igneous Rock
(i) Gabbro

(2c) (i) It affects the rate of seed germination.
(ii) It influences the rate of plant growth and development.
(iii) It affects flowering, fruiting, and crop yield.
(iv) It influences the distribution and productivity of livestock.
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(3a) (i) Alley cropping
It a type of farming which involves growing food crops between rows of trees or shrubs. When trees are pruned, leaves add nutrients to the soil.

(ii) Ley farming
It is a type of farming that involves growing grasses or legumes for a few years after food crops, then ploughing them into the soil to restore fertility.

(iii) Taungya system
This type of farming where Farmers grow food crops among young forest trees until the trees grow big, then move to a new area.

(3b) (I) Improves soil fertility (trees add organic matter)
(ii) Provides firewood and timber from same land
(iii) Controls soil erosion
(iv) Gives shade for some crops
(v) Increases total farm output per land area

(3c) (i) Water cycle description
Water from rivers, lakes, and land evaporates into the air (evaporation). Plants release water vapour (transpiration). Vapour rises, cools, forms clouds (condensation), then falls as rain (precipitation), and flows back to water bodies.

(3cii) (I) Capillary water (held between soil particles, available to plants)
(ii) Gravitational water (drains down with gravity)

(3d) Cultivation of ginger:
(i) Soil requirement
Loamy soil that is loose, well-drained, and rich in organic matter. Not waterlogged.

(ii) Land preparation
Clear land, plough deeply, harrow to make soil fine, dig ridges or raised beds for good drainage.
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(4b)(i) Area of farmland
Area of rectangle = 46 m × 30 m = 1380 m²
Area of triangle = ½ × (60 − 46) × 30
= ½ × 14 × 30
= 210 m²
Total area = 1380 m² + 210 m²
= 1590 m²

(4b)(ii) Spacing = 30 cm × 30 cm
= 0.3 m × 0.3 m
Area occupied per stand
= 0.3 × 0.3
= 0.09 m²
Number of maize stands
= 1590 ÷ 0.09
= 17,667 stands (approximately)

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(5ai) (PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Sorting the oranges.
(ii) Grading according to size and quality.
(iii) Packaging the oranges properly.
(iv) Storing the oranges in suitable storage facilities.
(v) Processing the oranges into juice or concentrates.
(vi) Transporting the oranges to distribution centres.

(5aii)(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Provision of good road networks.
(ii) Provision of storage and cold-room facilities.
(iii) Granting loans to farmers and marketers.
(iv) Establishment of marketing boards.
(v) Provision of transport facilities.
(vi) Encouraging export of oranges.
(vii) Providing market information services.
(viii) Reducing taxes and levies on agricultural produce.

(5b) (PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Inadequate number of extension officers.
(ii) Poor road network to rural areas.
(iii) Lack of transport facilities.
(iv) Insufficient government funding.
(v) Large area of coverage assigned to extension officers.
(vi) Poor communication facilities.
(vii) Insecurity in some rural communities.
(viii) Poor motivation and remuneration of extension officers.

(5ci) Taenia saginata
(5cii)Taenia solium

(5d) (PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Regular deworming of farm animals.
(ii) Proper disposal of animal and human faeces.
(iii) Maintaining good farm sanitation.
(iv) Provision of clean feed and water.
(v) Proper meat inspection before consumption.

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(6ai)
(PICK FOUR ONLY)
(i) Harvesting the oranges.
(ii) Sorting the fruits according to quality.
(iii) Grading the fruits based on size and quality.
(iv) Cleaning or washing the fruits.
(v) Packaging the fruits properly.
(vi) Storing the fruits in suitable facilities.
(vii) Transporting the fruits to collection centres or markets.
(viii) Marketing and advertising the fruits to buyers.

(6aii)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Construction of good road networks.
(ii) Provision of efficient transportation facilities.
(iii) Establishment of storage facilities.
(iv) Provision of cold rooms and refrigeration facilities.
(v) Granting subsidies to farmers and marketers.
(vi) Provision of credit facilities and loans.
(vii) Establishment of organized produce markets.
(viii) Dissemination of market information to farmers.
(ix) Reduction of taxes and levies on agricultural produce.
(x) Encouragement of agro-processing industries to utilize excess oranges.

(6b)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Inadequate number of extension officers.
(ii) Poor road network to rural areas.
(iii) Lack of transportation facilities.
(iv) Insufficient government funding of extension services.
(v) Large number of farmers assigned to each extension officer.
(vi) Poor remuneration of extension workers.
(vii) Lack of training and motivation for extension officers.
(viii) Difficult terrain and remote location of farms.
(ix) Inadequate extension equipment and materials.
(x) Poor communication facilities in rural areas.

(6c)
(i) Cattle – Taenia saginata
(ii) Pig – Taenia solium

(6d)
(PICK TWO ONLY)
(i) Maintain proper sanitation on the farm.
(ii) Dispose of faeces and waste materials properly.
(iii) Prevent pigs from feeding on contaminated materials.
(iv) Provide clean and safe drinking water.
(v) Regularly deworm pigs with appropriate drugs.
(vi) Inspect and properly cook pork before consumption.

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