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Wednesday, 12th November, 2025
Government 2 (Essay)  2pm – 4pm.
Government 1 (Objective)  4pm – 5pm

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WAEC GCE GOVERNMENT

NUMBER FOUR

(4)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Promotion of Checks and Balances: The second chamber helps to check the excesses of the lower chamber (House of Representatives) and the executive arm. This ensures that no single organ of government becomes too powerful, thereby strengthening democracy and accountability.

(ii) Representation of States Equally: In Nigeria’s federal structure, the Senate ensures equal representation of all states, regardless of population size. Each state has the same number of senators, promoting fairness and protecting the interests of smaller states.

(iii) Quality Legislation: Having a second chamber allows bills and policies passed by the lower chamber to undergo further scrutiny, debate, and amendment. This double-checking process improves the quality and effectiveness of laws enacted.

(iv) Prevention of Hasty Legislation: The Senate serves as a reviewing body that carefully examines proposed laws, preventing rash or poorly thought-out legislation that might harm national interests.

(v) Promotion of Political Stability: By allowing wider consultation and deliberation before passing laws, the second chamber reduces political tension and promotes consensus-building among different political groups and regions.

(vi) Protection of Minority Interests: The Senate provides a platform where minority groups and less populous regions can express their views and defend their interests, thereby promoting inclusiveness and national unity.

(vii) Support for National Integration: Through equal state representation, the second chamber encourages cooperation among diverse ethnic and regional groups, fostering unity and a stronger sense of belonging within the federation.

(viii) Oversight and Accountability Functions: The Senate plays a vital role in overseeing the activities of the executive arm, approving key appointments, and investigating government actions, thereby enhancing transparency and good governance.

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(6) (PICK FIVE ONLY)

(i) Community Mobilization: Traditional rulers can help mobilize their subjects for government programs such as immunization, education, and environmental sanitation. Their influence ensures faster acceptance and participation in development projects.

(ii) Conflict Resolution: By settling local disputes through traditional methods, traditional rulers help maintain peace and order, creating a stable environment necessary for development to thrive.

(iii) Preservation of Culture and Values: Traditional authorities promote moral values, discipline, and respect for laws, which reduce crime and corruption, thereby enhancing social development.

(iv) Link Between Government and the People: Traditional rulers act as intermediaries between local communities and the government, helping to communicate policies effectively and ensuring that development projects meet grassroots needs.

(v) Promotion of Rural Development: They can identify the specific needs of their communities and advocate for government and non-governmental support in areas such as roads, healthcare, and schools.

(vi) Encouragement of Civic Responsibility: Traditional rulers can use their authority to encourage citizens to pay taxes, participate in elections, and obey laws, which strengthens governance and development.

(vii) Support in Security Maintenance: Through their close connection with local communities, traditional rulers can provide intelligence to security agencies to combat crime and ensure a safer environment for development activities.