ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICAL

(1a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) They absorb moisture from urine and spilled water.
(ii) They help to reduce bad odour in the animal house.
(iìi) They provide comfort for animals, reducing stress and injury.
(iv) They improve hygiene by reducing the growth of harmful microorganisms.
(v) They provide insulation and help keep animals warm during cold weather.

(1bi)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Smoking
(ii) Salting
(iii) Freezing
(iv) Drying
(v) Canning
(vi) Refrigeration
(vii) Use of chemical preservatives

(1bii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Poor storage facilities.
(ii) Inadequate transportation infrastructure.
(iii) High cost of production.
(iv) Poor hygiene and handling practices.
(v) Fluctuating prices due to supply and demand.
(vi) Limited access to modern marketing platforms.

(1c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Curing
(ii) Soaking
(iii) Liming
(iv) Tanning
(v) Finishing

 

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICAL

(2ai)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Temporary storage of food
(ii) Softening of food before digestion
(iii) Regulation of food passage to the gizzard
(iv) Initial microbial fermentation of food (in some birds)

(2aii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Chicken
(ii) Duck
(iii) Turkey
(iv) Pigeon
(v) Guinea fowl
(vi) Quail

(2bi)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Detoxification of harmful substances
(ii) Metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
(iii) Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals
(iv) Production of bile for digestion
(v) Breakdown of red blood cells
(vi) Regulation of blood composition
(vii) Synthesis of blood clotting factors

(2bii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Liver fluke
(ii) Tapeworm larvae
(iii) Roundworms
(iv) Coccidia

(2c)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Protection of the foot
(ii) Support of body weight
(iii) Aid in locomotion and movement
(iv) Absorption of shock while walking or running

 

 

 

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICAL

(3ai)
Specimen G:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-It used to measure the body weight of animals
-It is used to determine feed quantity
-It helps monitor growth of farm animals

Specimen H:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-It is used to detect fertile and infertile eggs
-It used to check for cracks or internal defects in eggs
-It helps monitor embryo development during incubation

Specimen J:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-It is used to measure the body temperature of animals
-It helps detect signs of fever or illness
-It is used to monitor recovery during treatment

Specimen K:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-It is used to administer vaccines or medications to animals
-It is used to withdraw blood or other fluids for testing
-It helps ensure accurate dosage of injectable treatments

(3aii)
Specimen G:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-Keep in a dry place
-Clean regularly to remove dirt
-Calibrate periodically for accuracy

Specimen H:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-Clean lens and bulb gently
-Store in a safe, dry place
-Replace faulty bulb promptly

Specimen J:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-Clean with disinfectant after use
-Store in a protective case
-Avoid dropping or shaking

Specimen K:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-Sterilize before and after use
-Store in a clean, dry container
-Replace damaged or blunt needles

(3b)
(i) Place the egg in a dark room or shaded area.
(ii) Hold the egg above the candler with the broader end facing the light.
(iii) Switch on the candler and observe the egg’s internal contents.
(iv) Record observations and return the egg to the incubator or tray.

(3c)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Sterilize the syringe and needle before and after use
(ii) Use only once if disposable
(iii) Do not share syringes between animals
(iv) Handle needle carefully to avoid injury
(v) Dispose of used needles in a sharps container

 

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICAL

NUMBER FOUR

(4a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Cattle
(ii) Goat
(iii) Sheep
(iv) Buffalo
(v) Yak
(vi) Antelope

(4bi)
(i) Hand milking
(ii) Machine milking

(4bii)
(i) Clean the udder and teats using clean water and a towel to maintain hygiene.
(ii) Sit or stand beside the animal (usually on the right side for cows).
(iii) Place a clean container (milking pail) under the udder.
(iv) Grasp the teats with the thumb and forefinger and gently squeeze downward to expel milk.
(v) Repeat rhythmically until the udder is emptied.
(vi) Strain the milk using a clean cloth or sieve to remove impurities.
(vii) Store the milk in a clean, cool container to preserve freshness.

(4ci)
Protein

(4cii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Presence of mimosine toxin, Fresh Leucaena contains mimosine, which can be toxic to animals if consumed in large amounts.
(ii) Causes hair loss and poor growth in non-adapted animals due to toxicity.
(iii) May lead to reduced feed intake because of its bitter taste or unpalatability.
(iv) Digestive disturbances such as bloating or diarrhea can occur.
(v) Can impair reproduction in some livestock species due to hormonal interference from toxins.