Waec 2025 Biology Specimen & Guidelines

▪️ SPECIMEN A – Bean Weevil

Description: A small insect pest (Callosobruchus maculatus) that attacks stored beans.
Importance/Uses :

i. To study biological control and pest infestation.
ii. Helps identify life cycle stages of insects (egg, larva, pupa, adult).
iii. Demonstrates the impact of pests on agricultural productivity.
iv. Encourages awareness of post-harvest food loss.

▪️ SPECIMEN B – Bean Seeds (with holes)

Description : Damaged seeds showing holes bored by pests like the bean weevil.
Importance/Uses :

i. To show evidence of pest infestation.
ii. Used for comparing healthy and infested seeds.
iii. Encourages learning of seed viability and storage conditions.
iv. Helps link physical signs to causative organisms

▪️ SPECIMEN C – Waterleaf Plant (Whole)

Description : A whole plant of Talinum triangulare including root, stem, and leaves.
Importance/Uses :

i. To study plant morphology (root, stem, leaves).
ii. Identification of leaf type and arrangement.
iii. Demonstrates adaptations for photosynthesis and water retention.
iv. Used in experiments on transpiration and osmosis.

▪️ SPECIMEN D – Quill Feather of a Domestic Fowl

Description : A long feather from a bird with a stiff central shaft.
Importance/Uses :

i. To study adaptations in birds for flight.
ii. Identification of feather parts: rachis, vane, barbs, barbules.
iii. Demonstrates insulation and waterproofing functions.
iv. Used in classification under vertebrate characteristics.

▪️ SPECIMEN E – Pineapple Fruit (Longitudinal Section)

Description : A vertical cut showing internal fruit structure.
Importance/Uses :

i. Helps study composite (multiple) fruit structure.
ii. Demonstrates arrangement of fruitlets (eyes).
iii. Used to identify parts of a fruit: pericarp, seeds, core.
iv. Can lead into discussions of vegetative propagation.

▪️ SPECIMEN F – Orange Fruit (Transverse Section)

Description : Cross-section showing internal segments and juice sacs.
Importance/Uses :

i. Identifies simple fleshy fruits (hesperidium).
ii. Used to label pericarp, endocarp, seeds, and segments.
iii. Helps understand fruit development from ovary.
iv. Shows seed dispersal methods.

▪️ SPECIMEN G – Raw Egg of a Domestic Fowl (With Shell)

Description : A freshly collected raw egg, intact.
Importance/Uses :

i. Demonstrates structure of animal eggs.
ii. Used to study components like albumen, yolk, shell, chalaza.
iii. Important for comparative embryology.
iv. Can be used in osmosis experiments (if shell is removed).

▪️ SPECIMEN H – Test Tube Containing 3 ml of Water

Description : Standard glass test tube with 3 ml of distilled water.
Importance/Uses :

i. Serves as solvent or medium in food tests (e.g., protein, starch).
ii. Facilitates mixing of reagents.
iii. Used for heating and boiling samples in the lab.
iv. Demonstrates measurement and volume handling.

▪️ SPECIMEN J – Longitudinal Section of Boiled Egg (With Shell)

Description : Boiled egg cut lengthwise to show internal parts.
Importance/Uses :

i. Demonstrates changes due to heat denaturation of protein.
ii. Helps identify parts of an egg post-cooking.
iii. Can be compared with raw egg to observe physical and chemical changes.
iv. Useful for discussing nutrition (protein source).