2024 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY NECO SOLUTION

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY OBJ
01-10: AADADBCAEA
11-20: DCBEADDBDC
21-30: BDBCEBBCCB
31-40: DDEAECAAAA
===============================================
INSTRUCTION: (Answer Any Four Questions)
===============================================

(1a) Fertilization in farm animals is the process by which a sperm cell from the male fuses with an egg cell from the female to form a zygote. This process typically occurs within the female reproductive tract and marks the beginning of the development of a new individual. Fertilization results in the combination of genetic material from both parents, leading to the formation of a genetically unique offspring.

(1bi) Prolactin :
(Pick Any One)
-Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.
– Influences reproductive behavior and function.
– Plays a role in regulating the immune system.
– Affects metabolic processes in various tissues.
-Influences maternal behavior and bonding.

(1bii) Oxytocin :
(Pick Any One)
— Stimulates uterine contractions during labor.
— Facilitates the milk ejection reflex during breastfeeding.
— Promotes social bonding and trust between individuals.
— Influences sexual arousal and behavior.
— Helps reduce stress and anxiety levels.

(1biii) Relaxin :
(Pick Any One)
— Relaxes the pelvic ligaments during pregnancy.
— Facilitates cervical dilation during labor.
— Promotes blood vessel growth in the uterus.
— Aids in the remodeling of collagen in tissues.
— Exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.

(1biv) Testosterone :
(Pick Any One)
— Promotes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
— Stimulates the production of sperm in the testes.
— Enhances muscle mass and strength.
— Increases bone density and strength.
— Influences mood and behavior.

(1c)
(Pick Any Four)
— Snails are a good source of protein, iron, and other essential nutrients.
— Snail farming can be a profitable venture, providing income for farmers.
— Snail farming requires minimal investment and is easy to manage.
— Snail farming is environmentally friendly and requires little space.
— Snail slime has potential medicinal applications, including wound healing.
— Provides an alternative source of protein, contributing to food security.
— Snails are a delicacy in many cultures, enhancing culinary diversity.
===================================================

(2ai) Piglet at Birth :
(Pick Any Two)
— Ensure piglets receive colostrum from the sow within the first few hours of birth to boost their immunity.
— Maintain a warm environment (around 95°F or 35°C) to prevent hypothermia in the piglets.
— Disinfect the navel with iodine to prevent infections.
— Provide iron injections or oral iron to prevent anemia.
— Clip needle teeth and dock tails to prevent injuries among piglets and future problems.

(2aii) Kitten After Weaning :
(Pick Any Two)
— Provide high-quality kitten food that meets their dietary needs for growth and development.
— Ensure kittens receive necessary vaccinations to protect against common feline diseases.
— Continue or reinforce litter box training to establish good hygiene habits.
— Expose kittens to various environments, people, and other animals to promote well-rounded behavior.
— Regularly check for signs of illness or parasites and schedule routine vet visits.

(2b)
(Pick Any Three)
— Balanced and nutrient-rich diets tailored to the cows’ needs ensure optimal health and milk production.
— Frequent veterinary care and health monitoring prevent diseases and maintain high productivity.
— Use of advanced milking technology and consistent milking schedules enhance milk yield.
— Maintaining optimal living conditions, such as temperature and humidity, reduces stress and increases production.
— Breeding programs focus on selecting high-yield dairy cow breeds to maximize milk output.

(2c)
(Pick Any Three)
— Local Markets : Direct sales to local traders and processors.
— Cooperatives : Farmer cooperatives that pool resources and collectively market hides and skins.
— Wholesalers : Large-scale buyers who purchase in bulk for resale or processing.
— Tanneries : Direct sales to tanneries that process hides and skins into leather.
— Export Channels : Export agents or companies that facilitate the sale of hides and skins to international markets.
========================================================

(3a)
In animal nutrition, a diet refers to the combination of feed ingredients provided to an animal over a period, which meets its nutritional requirements for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and lactation. A balanced diet ensures that the animal receives all the necessary nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

(3b)
(Pick Any Two)
— Molasses is rich in sugars, which promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria, improving the fermentation process and the preservation of the silage.
— The sweet taste of molasses makes the silage more palatable, encouraging animals to consume more.
— Molasses adds energy to the silage, which is beneficial for the animals’ growth and productivity.
— Molasses helps to bind the silage particles together, reducing dust and making the feed easier to handle and less wasteful.
— Molasses can help to regulate the moisture content of the silage, preventing spoilage due to excessive dryness or wetness.

(3c)
(Pick Any Three)
— High nutritional value
— Diverse plant species
— Good ground cover
— Pest and disease resistance
— Sustainability

(3d)
(Pick Any Three)
— Implementing rotational grazing systems to prevent overgrazing and allow vegetation recovery.
— Introducing improved forage species and reseeding degraded areas to enhance plant diversity and productivity.
— Applying appropriate fertilizers and soil amendments to improve soil health and plant growth.
— Developing water sources and irrigation systems to ensure adequate water supply for plants and animals during dry seasons.
— Implementing measures such as contour plowing, terracing, and planting cover crops to prevent soil erosion and maintain land productivity.
========================================================

(4a)
A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of organisms. In the context of animal improvement, genes determine specific traits such as growth rate, milk production, disease resistance, and physical characteristics like coat color or the presence of horns.

(4b)
Parental Generation (P) :
* Horned Goat : HH
* Polled Goat : hh
** Horned trait (H) is dominant.
** Polled trait (h) is recessive.

The Punnett square for the crossing of HH with hh :
_______
| | H | H |
|——–|———|———|
| h | Hh | Hh |
|——–|———|———|
| h | Hh | Hh |
|__|__|___|

F1 Generation :
— All offspring will have the genotype Hh (heterozygous).
— Phenotypically, all offspring will be horned because H is dominant over h.

(4c)
(Pick Any Five)
— Technical skill requirements.
— Initial costs
— Disease transmission
— Reduced genetic diversity
— Estrus detection
— Transportation and storage of semen
— Limited success rate
— Ethical concerns
========================================================

(5a)
(Pick Any Three)
— Regular immunization schedules to protect animals against common infectious diseases.
— Providing balanced diets to strengthen the immune system and overall health.
— Maintaining clean living environments, including regular cleaning of barns and equipment.
— Controlling the movement of people, animals, and equipment to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogens.
— Routine health inspections to detect and treat diseases early.

(5b)
(Pick Any Two)
— Isolating infected or exposed animals to prevent the transmission of contagious diseases.
— Monitoring animals for signs and symptoms of illness before they join the main herd.
— Meeting legal requirements for animal movement and disease control.
— Safeguarding the health of existing livestock by preventing the introduction of new pathogens.
— Minimizing the financial impact of disease outbreaks through early detection and containment.

(5c)
(Pick Any Five)
— Skin Irritation, causing intense itching, redness, and inflammation.
— Hair Loss, leading to bald patches due to excessive scratching and grooming.
— Weight Loss, resulting from stress and decreased feed intake.
— Reduced productivity, leading to lower milk yield, egg production, or growth rates due to discomfort and stress.
— Secondary Infections, causing increased susceptibility to bacterial or fungal infections due to damaged skin.
— Blood lood from feeding mites, leading to a reduction in red blood cells.
— Restlessness, irritability, and decreased social interactions.
— Severe infestations can lead to death, especially in young or weakened animals.

========================================================