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The WAEC GCE 2025 Biology Practical is one of the most important science papers because it tests your accuracy, observation, drawing, and practical skills.

Waec Gce 2025 Biology Practical Past Answers

(1a) The process that occurred in the cell illustrated in diagram B is osmosis.

(aii) Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.

(1b)
(i)Cell membrane
(ii)Cytoplasm
(iii) Vacuole

(1ci)The Kingdom of the organism that possesses the cell illustrated in the diagram is Plantae.

(1cii)
(i)The cell has a cell wall.
(ii)The cell has chloroplasts (though not explicitly shown, it’s implied in a plant cell).

(1d)
(i) Turgid: C, D
(ii) Flaccid: E
(iii) Plasmolysed: F, G
(iv) Unchanged: E

(1e)
(i)Hypertonic: F, G
(ii)Isotonic: E
(iii)Hypotonic: C, D

(f)
(i) Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential across a semi-permeable membrane.

(fii)
(i) Absorption of water by root hairs.
(ii) Maintenance of turgor pressure, which supports the plant.
(iii) Movement of water from cell to cell.
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Waec Gce 2025 Biology Practical Past Answers

(2a)
I: Funnel
II: Collecting jar / bottle
III: Light / lamp
IV: Stand / base
V: Wind vane arrow
VI: String / cord
VII: Net rim / hoop
VIII: Net handle

(2b)
Check the image below

(2c)
T: The beating tray is placed under a plant or tree branch and the branch is shaken or beaten so that insects fall into the tray for collection and study.

W: The sweep/dip net is moved through grasses or water to catch insects or small aquatic animals, which are then removed for observation

(2d)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Ensure the collecting bottle is tightly fixed so insects cannot escape.
(ii) Keep the light trap away from rain or water to prevent damage.
(iii) Do not touch the electrical parts with wet hands to avoid electric shock.
(iv) Place the trap in a stable position so it will not fall or break.

(2e)
(i) dip/sweep net: used to collect small aquatic animals.
(ii) thermometer: used to measure water temperature.
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Waec Gce 2025 Biology Practical Past Answers

(3ai)
Germination

(3aii)
(i)Water
(ii) Oxygen
(iii)Suitable temperature

(3b)
(i) A: Epigeal germination
(ii) B: Hypogeal germination

(3c)
A:
(i) Cotyledons are pushed above the soil.
(ii) Shoot (plumule) elongates to lift cotyledons out of the ground.

B:
(i) Cotyledons remain below the soil.
(ii)Plumule grows upwards while cotyledons stay underground.

(3d)
I: Cotyledon
II: Plumule
III: First foliage leaf
IV: Second foliage leaf
V: Third foliage leaf
VI: Stem
VII: Primary root
VIII: Secondary root
IX: Plumule
X: Radicle

(3ei)
[TABULATE]
A:
(i) Cotyledons above the soil.
(ii) Larger cotyledons.
(iii) Germination type is epigeal.

B:
(i) Cotyledons remain below the soil.
(ii) Smaller cotyledons.
(iii) Germination type is hypogeal.

(3eii)
(i) Both undergo germination process.
(ii) Both develop roots and shoots.
(iii) Both require the same essential conditions

(3f)
From stage 1, the seed absorbs water and the radicle emerges to form the primary root. By stage 2, the shoot begins to grow upwards while roots expand downward. In stage 3, the plumule (young shoot) penetrates the soil surface, and roots continue developing. By stage 4, the seedling has leaves, an established root system, and cotyledons remain below the soil.

(3g)
[TABULATE]
Plant A (Epigeal germination): Beans, Tomato

Plant B (Hypogeal germination): Coconut, Maize, Rice
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