Neco 2023 Physical and Health Education Essay & Objective Answers

 

NECO PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION

(1a)

Institutional sports refer to organized sports activities or competitions that are typically conducted within educational institutions, such as schools, colleges, and universities.

 

(1b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) College basketball

(ii) High school football

(iii) Intramural athletics

(iv) College soccer

(v) University rugby

(vi) Club sports

(vii) Intercollegiate athletics

 

(1c)(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) To promote university sport at the highest level among the Nigerian students.

(ii) To encourage cultural, social and scientific exchanges between Nigerian universities and other African countries.

(iii) To create a sporting environment suitable for the students to develop their physical and mental capabilities.

(iv) To promote fair play and sportsmanship among Nigerian students.

(v) To support the development of quality sports facilities for the Nigerian university games.

(vi) To provide guidance and technical support to Nigerian universities in the organization of sports activities.

(vii) To foster collaborative relationships with both public and private sector partners in order to promote the development of sports in Nigeria.

 

 

(2a)Team sports refer to athletic activities that are played between two teams, where individuals work together as a group to achieve a common goal. In these sports, the outcome is determined by the collective effort, strategy, and coordination of the team members.

 

(2b)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Sprains

(ii) Strains

(iii) Tendonitis

(iv) Fractures

(v) Dislocations

(vi) Contusions

(vii) Concussions

(viii) Lacerations

 

(2c)

(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Both sports involve hitting a shuttlecock back and forth over a net.

(ii) The players must stay within designated boundaries in order to score points.

(iii) In both sports, the server has a distinct advantage.

(iv) Players use rackets or paddles to hit the shuttlecock.

(v) The shuttlecock must always be below the net.

(vi) The first team or player to reach 21 points wins the game.

(vii) Scoring in both sports involves a system of points.

 

 

 

 

(3a)

Sports injury can be defined as any kind of physical harm or damage sustained while participating in a sporting activity or exercise. It can range from minor cuts and bruises to more serious fractures sprains strains or concussions.

 

(3b)

(i) sprains

(ii) strains

(iii) fractures

(iv) dislocations.

 

 

(3c)

(i) Poor technique or form: Incorrect body mechanics improper training or lack of guidance can lead to injuries during sports activities.

 

(ii) Overexertion or overtraining: Pushing the body too hard or not giving enough time for rest and recovery can increase the risk of injury.

 

(iii) Lack of conditioning or inadequate warm-up: Insufficient strength flexibility and endurance can make the body more susceptible to injuries. Additionally not properly warming up before activity can increase the risk of injury.

 

(iv) Contact or collision: Sports that involve contact or collisions such as football or rugby increase the likelihood of injuries caused by direct impact or collisions with opponents.

 

 

 

(4a)
Somatotype refers to a categorization or classification of body types based on physical characteristics such as weight distribution, bone structure, and muscle development. It was developed by psychologist William Sheldon and includes three main body types: ectomorphs (thin), mesomorphs (medium build) and endomorphs (muscular).

(4b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Compound fractures involve a break in the bone and an open wound while complicated fractures may not involve an open wound.
(ii) Compound fractures are more difficult to treat than complicated fractures as they involve external contamination by bacteria.
(iii) In compound fractures, the bone is exposed to the outside environment, while in complicated fractures the bone remains covered by skin or other tissue.
(iv) Compound fractures are more painful than complicated fractures due to the presence of an open wound.
(iv) Compound fractures usually take longer to heal than complicated fractures.

(4c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Proper nutrition: Eating healthy foods that are rich in vitamins and minerals helps maintain good physical and mental health.
(ii) Regular Exercise: Regular exercise helps improve metabolism, increase muscle strength, and reduce risk for various illnesses and diseases.
(iii) Adequate Sleep: Getting enough sleep helps boost energy, enhance focus, and improve mood.
(iv) Stress Management: Learning how to manage stress can help reduce anxiety and depression.
(v) Regular Health Screenings: Staying up-to-date with medical examinations helps detect any potential health problems early on.
(vi) Mental Health: Taking time to practice self-care and engage in activities that promote mental and emotional wellbeing can help boost overall health.
(vii) Avoiding Substance Use: Avoiding or limiting alcohol and drug use can help keep individuals safe from any potential harm.

 

 

 

(5a)

Wound is an injury to the body’s tissue, typically involving a break or tear in the skin. Wounds can be caused by various factors, such as cuts, abrasions, punctures, or lacerations. Proper wound care and treatment are essential to promote healing and prevent infections

 

 

(5b)(PICK ANY FOUR)

 

(i)Incised Wound

(ii)Abrasion wound

(iii)Laceration wound

(iv)Puncture Wound

(v) Avulsion wound

(vi)Gunshot Wound

 

 

(5c)

(i)Assess the situation: Ensure safety and call for medical help if needed.

(ii)Wash hands: Before touching the wound, wash your hands with soap and water if possible.

(iii)Control bleeding: Apply direct pressure with a clean cloth to control any bleeding

(iv)Clean the wound: Gently rinse the wound with clean water to remove dirt and debris.

(v)Apply antiseptic: Apply an antiseptic solution or ointment around the wound to prevent infection

(vi)Cover the wound: Use a sterile bandage or dressing to cover and protect the wound.

(vii)Change dressing: Regularly change the dressing to keep the wound clean.

 

 

(5d)

Haemorrhage is a medical term used to describe excessive bleeding from blood vessels, either internally or externally. It can occur due to various factors, such as injury, trauma, surgery, or medical conditions. Haemorrhage can be mild or severe, and in some cases, it can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.

 

 

 

 

(6a)Drowning refers to the process of suffocation caused by submersion in water or any other liquid, resulting in the inability to breathe and potential loss of life.

 

(6b)(PICK ANY FOUR)

(i) Keep the pool area well-lit and secure with fencing or a locking gate.

(ii) Learn how to swim and supervise children while swimming.

(iii) Don’t leave toys or objects near the pool that can attract a child.

(iv) Wear a life-jacket when in an open body of water.

(v) Do not dive head first into shallow water.

(vi) Have safety equipment, such as a life hook, on hand.

(vii) Keep rescue equipment, including a phone, close by at all times.

 

(6c)(i) Butterfly stroke requires the arms to move simultaneously in circular motions *WHILE* front stroke requires the arms to alternate in strokes.

(ii) Butterfly stroke uses more core strength to power the body through the water, *WHILE* front stroke relies more on the arms and legs.